Optom Vis Sci 1997;74:499-504. 2004;3(6):310-316. Arch Neurol 2000;57:956-63. Dietary lutein plus zeaxanthin and choline intake is interactively associated with cognitive flexibility in middle-adulthood in adults with overweight and obesity. 1999;70(2):247-251. Clin.Nutr. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Overall skin tone and skin-lightening-improving effects with oral supplementation of lutein and zeaxanthin isomers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. View abstract. View abstract. Flood, V., Rochtchina, E., Wang, J. J., Mitchell, P., and Smith, W. Lutein and zeaxanthin dietary intake and age related macular degeneration. View abstract. Handelman, G. J., Nightingale, Z. D., Lichtenstein, A. H., Schaefer, E. J., and Blumberg, J. Bartlett, H. E. and Eperjesi, F. A randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of lutein and antioxidant dietary supplementation on visual function in healthy eyes. View abstract. Ito, Y., Wakai, K., Suzuki, K., Tamakoshi, A., Seki, N., Ando, M., Nishino, Y., Kondo, T., Watanabe, Y., Ozasa, K., and Ohno, Y. Serum carotenoids and mortality from lung cancer: a case-control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) study. Nutrition 2003;19(1):21-24. View abstract. View abstract. Chew, E. Y., Clemons, T., SanGiovanni, J. P., Danis, R., Domalpally, A., McBee, W., Sperduto, R., and Ferris, F. L. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2): study design and baseline characteristics (AREDS2 report number 1). Mol.Nutr.Food Res. View abstract. Retina 2008;28(1):103-110. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. Zeimer, M. B., Kromer, I., Spital, G., Lommatzsch, A., and Pauleikhoff, D. Macular telangiectasia: patterns of distribution of macular pigment and response to supplementation. Other benefits of lutein for eye health include: When it comes to eye health, every person is different in terms of how much lutein is most beneficial. Nutrients. Richer, S. P., Stiles, W., Graham-Hoffman, K., Levin, M., Ruskin, D., Wrobel, J., Park, D. W., and Thomas, C. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zeaxanthin and visual function in patients with atrophic age-related macular degeneration: the Zeaxanthin and Visual Function Study (ZVF) FDA IND #78, 973. Association between lutein and zeaxanthin status and the risk of cataract: a meta-analysis. To give you some inspiration, here are several recipes to help you out: Lutein appears to be nontoxic and safe for consumption in moderate or even relatively high doses. Murray, I. J., Makridaki, M., van der Veen, R. L., Carden, D., Parry, N. R., and Berendschot, T. T. Lutein supplementation over a one-year period in early AMD might have a mild beneficial effect on visual acuity: the CLEAR study. View abstract. Lutein + zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial. Optometry 2000;71:147-64.. View abstract. Lutein bioavailability is higher from lutein-enriched eggs than from supplements and spinach in men. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. Reboul E, Thap S, Perrot E, et al. Arch.Ophthalmol. View abstract. Sumantran, V. N., Zhang, R., Lee, D. S., and Wicha, M. S. Differential regulation of apoptosis in normal versus transformed mammary epithelium by lutein and retinoic acid. Lutein is an orange-colored nutrient. This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. A., de Vries, A. J., Goldbohm, R. A., Tijburg, L. B., Kardinaal, A. F., and van Poppel, G. Macular pigment density in relation to serum and adipose tissue concentrations of lutein and serum concentrations of zeaxanthin. Of those 20,zeaxanthin and lutein are the only two that are deposited in high quantities into the macular portion of the eyes. View abstract. Mares-Perlman JA, Brady WE, Klein R, et al. Leermakers ET, Darweesh SK, Baena CP, et al. Sabour-Pickett, S., Nolan, J. M., Loughman, J., and Beatty, S. A review of the evidence germane to the putative protective role of the macular carotenoids for age-related macular degeneration. 2008;87(6):1837-1843. Tan AC, Balaratnasingam C, Yannuzzi LA. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:518-23. JAMA Ophthalmol 2015;133(12):1415-24. View abstract. Clin Chem 2007;53(3):447-455. J Nutr 2022;152(11):2555-64. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022;22(1):427. Arch.Ophthalmol. View abstract. Br J Nutr 2001;85(2):227-238. Cancer Sci. Johnson, E. J., Chung, H. Y., Caldarella, S. M., and Snodderly, D. M. The influence of supplemental lutein and docosahexaenoic acid on serum, lipoproteins, and macular pigmentation. Luckily, doctors now have the ability to measure macular pigment levels of lutein in someones eyes in order to determine if that person is at an increased risk for disease. Richer, S., Devenport, J., and Lang, J. C. LAST II: Differential temporal responses of macular pigment optical density in patients with atrophic age-related macular degeneration to dietary supplementation with xanthophylls. Central retinal thickness is positively correlated with macular pigment optical density. There's 44 mg of lutein in one cup of cooked kale, 26 mg per cup of cooked spinach, and 3 mg per cup of broccoli. Some evidence shows that people who obtain more lutein from their diets experience lower rates of breast, colon, cervical and lung cancers. As another example, one group of people who can usually afford to take more is those with cystic fibrosis. 2011;52(11):8174-8178. View abstract. Vojnikovic, B., Kovacevic, D., Njiric, S., and Coklo, M. Long term results of age-related macular degeneration therapy with prednisolone acetate--special refer to peripheral visual field changes. View abstract. Along with another vision-boosting carotenoid called zeaxanthin, it is abundant in anti-inflammatory,cancer-fighting foodsincluding kale, broccoli and many other green vegetables, eggs yolks, and citrus fruits all of which studies show help protect the eyes from oxidative stress. Optometry. A., Hollenbach, K. A., Newman, V. A., Faerber, S., Ritenbaugh, C. K., Gold, E., Stefanick, M. L., Jones, L. A., Marshall, J. R., and Pierce, J. P. On the importance of using multiple methods of dietary assessment. Glucosamine: 2 people, 18.18%. View abstract. Molecules 2021;26(19):5794. Zhao, X., Aldini, G., Johnson, E. J., Rasmussen, H., Kraemer, K., Woolf, H., Musaeus, N., Krinsky, N. I., Russell, R. M., and Yeum, K. J. BMJ 10-13-2007;335(7623):755. View abstract. View abstract. Several studies Effect of beta-carotene supplementation and lactation on carotenoid metabolism and mitogenic T-lymphocyte proliferation. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. View abstract. Oncotarget 2017;8(2):2391-9. View abstract. Density of the human crystalline lens is related to the macular pigment carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin. View abstract. Therapeutic effect of lutein supplement on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a retrospective study. Because it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it seems that it would benefit heart health by lowering inflammation, which is an underlying cause of coronary heart disease. Public Health Nutr 2020:1-8. View abstract. View abstract. Sommerburg, O. G., Siems, W. G., Hurst, J. S., Lewis, J. W., Kliger, D. S., and van Kuijk, F. J. Lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with photoreceptors in the human retina. pii: E426. This carotenoid is obtained from both foods and supplements, which are generally considered safe. 2012;131(1):239-253. Bonds DE, Harrington M, Worrall BB, et al. View abstract. With strict editorial sourcing guidelines, we only link to academic research institutions, reputable media sites and, when research is available, medically peer-reviewed studies. A., Klein, B. E., Klein, R., Palta, M., Bowen, P. E., and Greger, J. L. Serum carotenoids and tocopherols and incidence of age-related nuclear cataract. View abstract. 2010;26(6):623-626. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998;52:468-72. View abstract. Br J Nutr 2001;85(4):499-507. Thomson, C. A., Stendell-Hollis, N. R., Rock, C. L., Cussler, E. C., Flatt, S. W., and Pierce, J. P. Plasma and dietary carotenoids are associated with reduced oxidative stress in women previously treated for breast cancer. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol 2004;24(2):313-319. Nutr.J. View abstract. Within the eyes, one of the most important functions of the lens is to collect and focus light on the retina. Correlates of serum lutein + zeaxanthin: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Wu J, Cho E, Willett WC, Sastry SM, Schaumberg DA. (Tokyo) 2009;55(6):479-485. View abstract. Lutein /zeaxanthin for the treatment of age-related cataract: AREDS2 randomized trial report no. 2006;82(5):915-920. View abstract. Richer, S. ARMD--pilot (case series) environmental intervention data. View abstract. View abstract. 1996;66(4):316-321. . You already know that filling up on plenty of fruits and veggies is good for you, and heres just another example of why that is. Nussbaum, J. J., Pruett, R. C., and Delori, F. C. Historic perspectives. This eye vitamin isnt just beneficial for older adults taking preventative measures is the real key to preserving your vision and eye health. Intestinal absorption, serum clearance, and interactions between lutein and beta-carotene when administered to human adults in separate or combined oral doses. View abstract. Br.J Nutr 1999;82(3):203-212. Siems, W. G., Sommerburg, O., and van Kuijk, F. J. Lycopene and beta-carotene decompose more rapidly than lutein and zeaxanthin upon exposure to various pro-oxidants in vitro. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022;164:106691. Dietary carotenoid intake and risk of developing preeclampsia: a hospital-based case-control study. Aune, D., Chan, D. S., Vieira, A. R., Navarro Rosenblatt, D. A., Vieira, R., Greenwood, D. C., and Norat, T. Dietary compared with blood concentrations of carotenoids and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Xu J, Song C, Song X, Zhang X, Li X. Carotenoids and risk of fracture: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Rosenthal, J. M., Kim, J., de, Monasterio F., Thompson, D. J., Bone, R. A., Landrum, J. T., de Moura, F. F., Khachik, F., Chen, H., Schleicher, R. L., Ferris, F. L., III, and Chew, E. Y. Dose-ranging study of lutein supplementation in persons aged 60 years or older. van den Berg H, van Vliet T. Effect of simultaneous, single oral doses of beta-carotene with lutein or lycopene on the beta-carotene and retinyl ester responses in the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fraction of men. View abstract. View abstract. Giving preterm infants lutein and zeaxanthin by mouth doesn't prevent retinopathy of prematurity. Wang X, Jiang C, Zhang Y, et al. Macular yellow pigment. Similarly, other studies show that higher dietary intakes ofzeaxanthin and lutein along with other natural antioxidants, includingvitamin C,beta-caroteneandvitamin E, are associated with a significantly decreased risk of cataract formation. Changes in plasma amino acid patterns in chronic alcoholic patients during ethanol withdrawal syndrome: their clinical implications. 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