Shaped by global plate tectonic forces that have created the East African Rift, East Africa is the site of Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya, the two tallest peaks in Africa. Warming seawaters threaten the incredible diversity associated with the regions coral reefs, leading to die-offs from bleaching. It is narrow (approx. From the 1840s, cameras traced the international migrations of traders, sailors, sons, and daughters through Indian Ocean ports, continuing trade that dates back over five millennia. Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. The Horn of Africa, a major peninsular extension of the African mainland into the Arabian Sea, contains the vast lowland coastal plains of Somalia. To provide further sources of incomeand also serve as markers for property boundariesWWF helped incorporate citrus trees. (2009 est.) Aiming to reduce illegal activities, WWF helped the governments of Tanzania and Mozambique agree to work cooperatively on improving forest management. Miller, J. Innes. The Republic of Venice had gained control over much of the trade routes between Europe and Asia. The Omani presence continued in Zanzibar and Pemba until the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Red Sea coast of Sudan are considered the most likely location of the land known to the Ancient Egyptians as Punt. It is narrow, swift and strong. Within this region, WWF works in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique and the western part of the Indian Ocean. WWF helped Mozambique establish the Quirimbas marine reserve in 2002. The spread of ironworking and the Bantu migrations, The chieftainships of the southern savanna, https://www.britannica.com/place/eastern-Africa. Though the majority of its houses were of wattle and daub, there were also some of stone. (US) +1 (786) 655-4040, *Call costs: Local rates apply from South Africa, UK and US otherwise international rates apply, newsletter@africageographic.com [47] The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The British also held a number of island colonies in the region, including the extended archipelago of Seychelles and the rich farming island of Mauritius, previously under the French sovereignty. With maximum velocities of around 8.5 km/h, it is one of the fastest and strongest flowing currents in the world. Photo Galleries, Photographer of the Year, TRAVEL & CONSERVATION COMPANY We facilitate ranger training and provide equipment. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa:[1]. Home to some of the most spectacular and treasured life, the oceans and seas surrounding Africa contain a multitude of creatures that thrive in the warm and cold currents that run along our continent. Location: Africa This includes: - 3,000 species of molluscs - 1,500 species of fish - 1,000 species of seaweed Some of the earliest hominin skeletal remains have been found in the wider region, including fossils discovered in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia, as well as in the Koobi Fora in Kenya and Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. (RSA) +27 (87) 551-8105 Should we carry along the same path, its estimated that there will be no fish left in the ocean by 2050. Well-established gold and ivory trade network existed between African kingdoms in the interior and cities on the east coast of Africa. 1250 24th Street, N.W. Attacks followed on Hoja (now known as Ungwana, located at the mouth of the Tana River), Barawa, Angoche, Pate and other coastal towns until the western Indian Ocean was a safe haven for Portuguese commercial interests. South of Sarapion, Nikon, the Pyralaae Islands, and the island of Diorux (about whose precise location only speculation seems possible), the chief town was Rhapta, which may lie buried in the Rufiji delta of present-day Tanzania. The school of fish represents the ozone, and the reef below is Earth. The Dragonfly Sea (2019) by Kenyan author Yvonne Owuor follows the story of a protagonist named Ayaana on the island of Pate. Credit: DOI: 10.1038/s41561-021-00809-x. Author of. Join us as we take a glimpse into the underwater world of our African oceans and seas through the eyes of photographers who submitted their photos into ourPhotographer of the Year2016, 2017 and 2018 competitions. Stay safe. Manda had close trading connections with the Persian Gulfwith Srf in particular. We assist local communities in securing management rights to their local wildlife and fisheries. Because exploitation of turtles is often driven by a lack of economic choices, WWF works to develop alternative livelihoods so that local people are no longer dependent on turtle products for income. Climate change is expected to intensify these and other problems. [29], According to both genetic and fossil evidence, it has been posited that archaic Homo sapiens evolved into anatomically modern humans in the Horn of Africa around 200,000 years ago and dispersed from there. [45] The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The largest ethnic groups in eastern Africa are the Oromo, Cushitic speakers who occupy much of southern Ethiopia, and the related Somali, who occupy all of Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, and much of Djibouti. Moreover, this area had the potential for a significant residential expansion, being suitable for the relocation of a large number of British nationals to the region. A senior U.S. Navy officer says that his service no longer considers the East Coast of the United States as an "uncontested" area or an automatic "safe haven" for its ships and submarines. [44] The old kingdom's first mention dates to the 25th century BCE. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Coastal erosion threatens the nesting beaches of marine turtles and harms mangrove forestswhich are already being battered from increased storm surges, and vulnerable to future sea level rise. Fig. This warm current is also pushed westward by the cold Canary current. . Kilwa, Pate, and Mogadishu also developed a local textile industry while Kilwa and Mogadishu extracted copper from nearby mines. All of the states produced pottery. The East Africa coast supports rich wildlife populations of which 60-70% are found only in the Indo-Pacific and 15% are found nowhere else in the world. In March 1505, having received from Manuel I of Portugal the appointment of viceroy of the newly conquered territory in India, he set sail from Lisbon in command of a large and powerful fleet, and arrived in July at Quiloa (Kilwa), which yielded to him almost without a struggle. Between the 14th and 15th centuries, large African Great Lakes kingdoms and states emerged, such as the Buganda[65] and Karagwe[65] kingdoms of Uganda and Tanzania. Inshore, people often mistake the pectoral fin of a sunfish floating on the surface to be that of a sharks dorsal fin. The East African coast and the Western Indian Ocean are regions of global historical signi cance. Drink. WWF strives to develop practical solutions to address the conflict that frequently occurs between people and wildlife. It consists of 18 countries and 2 dependencies. Chami, F. A. [76][77][78], South Sudan peacefully seceded from the Sudan in 2011, six and a half years after a peace agreement ended the Second Sudanese Civil War. [52], The earliest Bantu inhabitants of the east coast of Kenya and Tanzania encountered by these later Arab and Persian settlers have been variously identified with the trading settlements of Rhapta, Azania and Menouthias[53] referenced in early Greek and Chinese writings from 50 CE to 500 CE,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] ultimately giving rise to the name for Tanzania. Updates? We work with farmers to adopt practices that conserve resources and use less space, ensuring forest remains intact for wildlife. The Kiunga Marine National Reserve in Kenya supports the world's largest breeding colony of roseate terns. For all its richness, the region also has some of the highest rates of people living below the poverty line on the planet. The only island that is mentioned is Qanbalu, which appears to have been what is now Tanzanias Pemba Island. The German Empire gained control of a large area named German East Africa, comprising present-day Rwanda, Burundi and the mainland part of Tanzania named Tanganyika. A healthy reef with an abundance of life in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Top 101), The life-sustaining benefits of rainforest to our planet is more commonly known than those provided by a healthy ocean, but in fact, the ocean contributes even more and I wanted to capture a photo conveying this message. Pop. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. At other places on his way, such as the island of Angediva, near Goa, and Cannanore, the Portuguese built forts, and adopted measures to secure the Portuguese supremacy. The Southern African coast line is 5500 km long and extends from Angola (Cunene River mouth)in the west to the Zambezi delta in the east, the border of Tanzania. The visibility was less than five metres, and it was a disappointing dive. traverses the expanses of the Southern Ocean south of Africa, south of Australia, and the south Pacific. Greek and Roman coins have been found, and there are some accounts of overseas migrations to the coast. . One particularly powerful western boundary current is the Gulf Stream. The Eastern, or Great, Rift Valley extends from the Red Seas junction with the Gulf of Aden southward across the highlands of Ethiopia and Kenya and continues on into Tanzania. 1969. Within this region, WWF works in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique and the western part of the Indian Ocean. Experts say it is time . Rising demand and weak enforcement have led to a higher incidence of elephant poaching and increasing ivory markets. The British Museum. The child here is unidentified except that he is beind held for sale as a slave. Local communities need the ability to protect their resources against illegal activities. This volume contains papers rst presented at the conference, Early Maritime Cultures of the East WWF strives to ensure that local people benefit from economic opportunities that come with new tourism enterprises. Elephants, rhinos, lions, wild dogs, and more iconic species roam the landscape. Portugal's main goal on the Swahili coast was to take control of the spice trade from the Arabs. Sailors and Daughters reveals the expansive maritime societies of Zanzibar, the east African coast, and beyond. Gujarati traders were already criss-crossing the ocean for biashara with the Swahili Coast of Eastern Africa. The subregion stretches from Eritrea in the north to Mozambique in the south. By 2050, there could be more plastic than fish in the seas by weight, according to one estimate. It is lined with coral reefs, majestic islands, and, under the surface, animals bigger than any of the "Big Five", and none of them are in game parks! At the same time, inland areas were restored, enabling mangroves to adapt to sea level rise. Let's work together to safeguard these globally important reefs for the benefit of communities, the marine ecosystem, the nations of Kenya . To reduce illegal fishing, WWF supports local rangers who monitor artisanal fisheries. The British Empire set foot in the region's most exploitable and promising lands acquiring what is today Uganda, and Kenya. Overfishing, coastal development, pollution, the unknown consequences of climate change, and more immediate effects of shark finning and manta ray poaching are some of the most threatening concerns. 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